What the MSE policy gives
The Public Procurement Policy for Micro and Small Enterprises Order, 2012 sets an annual target for central ministries, departments and PSUs to buy at least 25% of their goods and services from micro and small enterprises. To help MSEs bid, it provides tender documents free of cost and exemption from EMD for MSEs registered with Udyam (earlier Udyog Aadhaar) or NSIC.
It also gives a purchase preference: when an MSE's price is within 15% of the lowest (L1) bid of a non-MSE, the MSE may be allowed to supply part of the order by matching L1, as the tender specifies. Part of the target is earmarked for MSEs owned by SC/ST and women entrepreneurs.
Where it does not apply
The policy covers goods and services bought by central government buyers. Works contracts, and state government and municipal tenders, follow their own rules; some states have their own MSE policies. The tender's own clauses on exemption decide; quote your Udyam registration and check them before skipping the EMD.